Purpose: One of the challenging topics among Public administration theorists is the relationship between the two concepts of politics and administration. Various theories have been proposed regarding these two concepts; however, no consensus has been reached, and political science and Public administration theorists still struggle to define the boundaries between administration and politics. Today, the concept of the state encompasses both bureaucracy and politics. However, understanding the nature of politics and bureaucracy and their interrelationship is difficult, as each can influence the other. This paper aims to separate the concept of politics from bureaucracy to better understand the extent of their influence. This influence can have positive or negative consequences, depending on the conditions and contexts of different societies. In practice, however, distinguishing between administration and politics is very difficult, and some theorists believe that separating these two concepts is not feasible in practice. Furthermore, this relationship may differ in developed and developing countries, taking on a distinct form. The aim of this paper is to examine and study the relationship between politics and bureaucracy in the Public administration of Iran. Design/ methodology/ approach: The current research adopts a qualitative approach. To achieve the defined objectives, research data were collected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 11 executive experts from the Ministry of Energy. An inductive thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data and address the research question. Research Findings: After collecting and analyzing the data, 95 initial codes were identified. These were categorized and re-examined to extract 24 basic themes, ultimately leading to the identification of 7 organizing themes and a network of themes. The organizing themes include the dependency of decisions on personal opinions, consideration of political power in decisions, nepotism in selecting bureaucrats, the short-term nature of bureaucrats' service, the presence of formalism in selecting bureaucrats, the weakness in utilizing scientific findings and experts, and the weak connection between experts and decision-makers. The findings indicate that the Public administration and bureaucracy in Iran have deviated from Weber’s ideal bureaucracy. Previous research has shown that most developed countries have closer alignment with Weber's ideal bureaucracy in their Public administration, implementing structural features such as administrative hierarchy, specialization, and meritocracy. Studies have shown that better results in Public administration can be achieved if politicians' decisions and policies can be separated from the execution and administration of Public Affairs. Limitations & Consequences: The final model presented by the researcher may not be generalizable to all Public sector organizations. Practical Consequences: The findings of the current research are based solely on one ministry due to the broad scope of the topic, which may pose limitations in terms of generalizability. Innovation or value of the Article: Most studies and research conducted to date on the relationship between politics and administration have been focused on developed countries, and the existing literature is predominantly related to developed countries and modern states. Therefore, the results of studies conducted in developing countries can offer both theoretical and practical innovation. The current research examines the relationship between politics and administration in the Public administration of Iran, which, as a developing country, allows for deeper and more precise studies. Ultimately, the results can be used to reform the administrative and political systems. Additionally, this research can help address existing challenges in the country's Public administration from a comparative studies perspective. Paper Type: Original Paper

Transparency is considered as an important principle of good governance in many countries. Transparency in Public Affairs means the free flow of information about Public Affairs and the availability of such information to all. Creating transparency in Public Affairs can achieve different goals, including increasing Public trust in the government. To be sure, it would be difficult to advance a country's plans without the assistance and cooperation of the people and non-governmental organizations. On the other hand, by increasing Public engagement in government plans as well as building trust between government and citizens, the government will face fewer challenges. Given these points, the importance of discussing Public trust and the need for promoting it, is clear. This paper, while emphasizing the importance of Public trust, will show the impact of transparency on gaining and promoting Public trust. Furthermore, the place of transparency in the Iranian legal system will be discussed. To this end, while Iranian laws and regulations on transparency are briefly reviewed, the Bill on the Act on Transparency will be evaluated insofar as it is seen as the most important step in creating Public transparency in terms of gaining Public trust.

In the preceding years to Constitutional movement in Iran, the political thought was transferred from independent monarchy to constitutional monarchy due to the inability to govern the country. Therefore, the participation of people in Public Affairs was the ultimate way to survival and progression of the country in the constitutionalist thought. Moreover, the community and Public (species) were recognized in debates. With respect to the advent of such unit, demand for participation in such generic, Public unit was recognized. With the awakening and awareness of the Public, the demand for participation in “ the legislation and governance of resPublica” was increased, being set as a “ right and share” . In the aforementioned period of Iran’ s Constitutionalism, and with respect to the advent of such new issue, a special category of law named Public Law was introduced as a new Public law in Iran. In the present study, after explaining the first sign of advent of Public and genre, and demand for participation in generic and Public Affairs, development of the concept was investigated as the origin of Public Law in Iran.

This text attempts to analyze and clarify the nature of ijtihad method, presuming the possibility and necessity of producing religions science by using ijtihad method.We believe that ijtihad method is the only successful and feasible method of producing Islamic humanities. We have strived to explore ijtihad from the view of methodology and to access the epistemological value of the products of ijtihad method.

The Principle of supervision in Public Affairs by looking at Islamic teachings Contrary to popular imagination, In Islamic teachings, the principle is based on the assumption of non-benevolence. Acceptance of the principle of supervision in Public Affairs, can become the Origin of Transformation in Criminal Policies in Organizations. sovereignty in the real fight against corruption is possible with proper but the subject of this research is the principle of supervision. In the social life, principles, such as authenticity, the principle of innocence and the principle of the purity and innocence of the community of people governs every crime and sin unless proved otherwise. Accordingly, the principle is based on the lack of investigation and overthrow of the Affairs of others as a Quranic principle. Generally, it is believed that in the criminal policy of Islam, the principle of piety is everywhere dominant. And in Public Affairs, the transfer of Affairs to qualified persons and pious will be tolerated.

The ministry of economic Affairs and finance with cooperation of supreme audit court, managers, and comptrollers has provided a new Public finance bill to be introduced in Islamic parliament of Iran. The bill will be considered as the fifth Public finance law since the advent of legislature in Iran if enacted by the parliament. Legislation of laws in Iran such as the mentioned law is usually based on trial and error method in which the previous law forms the basis of revision. Then, the redundant articles are deleted and the necessary new articles which are originated from the weaknesses of previous law are added. Whereas, the present author believes that the Public finance law should result from the process of reviewing the same laws in developed countries, extracting the fundamental decrees and customizing them to obtain a proper pattern for preparing the new Public finance bill. Since the author’ s recommended methodology is not applied in preparing the draft of Public finance bill, the author has used a comparative research methodology in this paper to compare key decrees of current Public finance act and the new Public finance bill. The results reveal the fact that on the one hand, the bill has some similarities and differences with the present act, but on the other hand, it has some capabilities and deficiencies.

The purpose of the present study was the interpretative structural modeling of citizen-centered development indicators in Zanjan Municipality. This study is based on the practical purpose and from the perspective of the method, it is in the field of mixed studies with the inductive-deductive approach. Identification of citizen-centered development indicators was done through semi-structured interviews based on theoretical saturation with professors and specialists in policy making, Public administration and urban administration. The validity and reliability of the interviews were confirmed by the method of relative content validity and Cohen's kappa index, respectively. In order to model citizen-oriented development indicators, the opinions of managers and employees of Zanjan municipality, numbering 61 people, were used with the convenience sampling method available and with the help of a questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using content validity and test-post-test method. The coding of the resulting data using the 2020 MaxQda software led to the identification of 13 citizen-oriented development indicators. Modeling of the identified indicators with interpretative structural method led to the formation of eight levels, where attention to Public interest was the most effective and synergy between citizens and local governments was the most impressionable factor.

Today, with the progress of societies, huge changes and transformations have occurred in various dimensions, which have caused the swelling of governments and their organizations. Thus, most countries are looking for effective solutions in this field, of which decentralization is one of the most important ones. The main purpose of this study was to identify and explain the major and effective components in the decentralization of administrative Affairs of Public organizations. It examines the issue using a mixed method approach with a partially mixed sequential dominant status design in three qualitativequalitative-quantitative phases. In this research, three methods of "systematic review, thematic analysis, and survey" were used, respectively. The main tool was an interview in the qualitative phase and a questionnaire in the quantitative phase. A total of 12 experts in the qualitative phase and 31 people in the quantitative phase were used to extract information and data. Based on the research results, in the first phase (systematic review method), 19 articles were selected and reviewed to determine thematic axes. In the second phase, 163 indicators were identified using the thematic analysis method, from which 37 basic themes, 17 organizing themes, and four global themes were extracted. Based on the results of analyses, the components can be identified in accordance with the comprehensive plan to reform the administrative system which can be effective in eliminating the gaps and failures in this base.

Emphasis of scholars on the influence of the council regarding the decisions related to Public interests necessitates the determination of the role of such institution in decision-making in a political and social system. As the council has specific reasons and basis in both law and jurisprudence, this study seeks to scrutinize the role of this institution in the management of Public Affairs with regard to legal and jurisprudential aspects. The ultimate purpose of this research is to answer such question that in making a governmental decision related to Public interests would council act as a just consultant for high authorities or it would itself make decisions?This study with qualitative analysis of data and with a descriptive nature tries to reach the research hypothesis using library research method. It seems that the council from the legal perspective is an institution with general authority of decision-making, policy-making and observation, whereas the council derived from the concept of consultation in Islam has no power except policy-making and it is just a consultant. Therefore, naming many institutions as council in legal and political system of the Islamic RePublic of Iran is because of inaccuracy and many of institutions are known as council due to the narrow definition of the council.